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Норма часов при сменном графике работы по Трудовому кодексу

«Сменный график работы Трудовой кодекс норма часов» — актуальный поисковый запрос от бухгалтеров. В нашей статье мы рассмотрим вопросы, касающиеся графика сменности, суммированного учета рабочего времени, и другие нюансы.

Сменный режим работы как вид занятости по ТК РФ

График сменности, ограничения его применения

Норма часов при сменном графике работы, суммированный учет рабочего времени

Итоги

 

Сменный режим работы как вид занятости по ТК РФ

Имея объективные причины, работодатель может установить для работников сменный режим труда, что разрешено ст. 103 ТК РФ.

В качестве объективных причин трудовое законодательство называет такие критерии производственного процесса, как:

• протяженность производственного цикла больше максимально определенной законодательством длительности ежедневного труда;
• интенсификация использования производственного оборудования для увеличения выпуска готовой продукции.

Пример

В качестве примера приведем процесс производства продукции на конвейерной линии непрерывного цикла. Производственное оборудование в этом случае должно работать круглосуточно, включая субботу и воскресенье — традиционные выходные дни. Данный режим загрузки оборудования создает необходимость в аналогичном графике труда работников, занятых на производстве. Таким образом, описанный производственный процесс требует введения сменного режима труда.

График работы в смену предполагает занятость в процессе труда групп работников. Каждая группа обеспечивает обслуживание производственного цикла в рамках нормальной продолжительности рабочего времени в соответствии с графиком сменности.

График сменности, ограничения его применения

График сменности — это локальный нормативный акт, определяющий условия труда работников, которые трудятся посменно. Разработка этого документа, а также его утверждение и обязательное доведение до сведения работников, занятых в процессе труда на условиях сменности, — обязанность работодателя.

В ст. 103 ТК РФ отмечается, что по общему правилу график сменности является частью коллективного договора, следовательно, он должен быть согласован с представительным органом работников (ст. 372 ТК РФ). В случае отсутствия коллективного договора и/или представительного органа работников график сменности в виде отдельного правового акта утверждает руководитель.

График сменности в обязательном порядке должен содержать существенные условия работы в сменном режиме:

• количество смен за учетный период;
• длительность рабочего времени за смену, время ее начала и окончания;
• перерывы на отдых и прием пищи;
• время ежедневного и еженедельного отдыха;
• расписание чередования смен.

При составлении сменного графика аналитики трудового права предлагают руководствоваться актуальными положениями Методических рекомендаций по организации многосменной работы производственных объединений (предприятий) промышленности, утвержденных Госкомтрудом СССР (Москва, 1988).

В приведенном выше примере логично и эффективно использовать график сменности 4 бригад, которые работают в следующем режиме: 3 бригады обеспечивают рабочий процесс круглосуточно в 3 смены по 8 часов, четвертая отдыхает.

ВАЖНО! Если трудовой договор с работником содержит условие о сменной работе, наниматель обязан уведомить его о графике сменности на следующий учетный период не менее чем за месяц до начала его действия (ст. 103 ТК РФ).

Итак, в нашем примере график сменности выступает инструментом, созданным работодателем для обеспечения рабочего цикла, технологически имеющего большую продолжительность, чем максимальная, определенная законом длительность ежедневного труда. Это влечет за собой необходимость работы в вечерние и ночные часы.

Трудовое законодательство, защищая права работника, вводит определенные ограничения на использование труда вечером и ночью и, как, впрочем, при любом режиме рабочего времени, требует установленного соотношения времени труда и отдыха.

ТК РФ устанавливает следующие ограничения:

• ст. 103 запрещает привлечение к работе 2 смены подряд;
• ст. 96 запрещает использовать в ночное время (по ТК РФ это промежуток с 22 до 6 часов) труд беременных женщин и работников до 18 лет и ограничивает возможность использования труда инвалидов, лиц с семейными обязанностями в отношении малолетних детей и других лиц, требуя их письменного согласия на работу в ночное время, при условии, что она разрешена им по медицинским показаниям.

Об особенностях организации работы в ночное время читайте в материале «Работа в ночное время по Трудовому кодексу (нюансы)».

Норма часов при сменном графике работы, суммированный учет рабочего времени

Трудовое законодательство нормирует нормальную продолжительность трудовой недели — не более 40 часов в общем случае. Сокращенная неделя и меньшая продолжительность ежедневного труда закреплены ТК РФ для определенных групп работников в силу их возраста, состояния здоровья, прохождения обучения, а также занятости на работе с вредными или опасными условиями труда (ст. 92, 94 ТК РФ). Эти нормы общеприменимы, в том числе и для режима сменной работы.

Что относится к вредным и опасным условиям труда, см. в статье «Опасные и вредные производственные факторы (перечень)».

Однако нанимателям, практикующим сменный труд работников, часто сложно выдержать принцип нормальной длительности рабочей недели, составляющей не более 40 часов. Это связано со спецификой производственного процесса. В этом случае ст. 94 ТК РФ разрешает работодателю использовать суммированный учет рабочего времени.

При подсчете отработанного времени за базовый отрезок принимается месяц, квартал или год. Этот период для подсчета количества рабочих часов называется учетным. Время, потраченное работником на выполнение трудовых обязанностей в учетном периоде, не должно быть больше нормального количества часов рабочей недели, кратного количеству недель.

Следовательно, при применении суммированного учета рабочего времени 1 отдельная смена может отличаться по продолжительности как в большую, так и в меньшую сторону. Но в целом количество отработанных часов за принятый в качестве учетного отрезок времени должно быть не больше установленного для этого периода при условии нормальной продолжительности труда.

Форму для учета рабочего времени и порядок ее заполнения см. в статье «Табель учета рабочего времени — форма Т-13 (бланк)».

ТК РФ ограничивает длительность учетного периода: он не может быть более 1 года. Применение суммированного учета рабочего времени затрагивает основополагающие права работника — на труд и отдых. Именно поэтому оно должно быть оформлено отдельным локальным правовым актом работодателя либо положением о правилах внутреннего распорядка.

Зарегистрируйтесь в системе КонсультантПлюс и получите пошаговую инструкцию по введению суммированного учета рабочего времени на предприятии, оформив пробный бесплатный доступ.

Итоги

Некоторые производственные процессы (непрерывные, технологически сложные или имеющие продолжительные производственные циклы) требуют организации работы в сменном режиме. При сменном графике работы сложно соблюсти нормальную продолжительность труда, приходящуюся на рабочую неделю (40 часов). Поэтому при таком режиме труда ТК РФ допускает возможность иного определения нормы рабочего времени. Эта норма устанавливается для определенного учетного периода (месяца, квартала или года).

Познакомиться с практическими решениями сложных вопросов начисления заработной платы можно на нашем форуме. Например, по этой ветке можно почитать про примеры «из жизни» и задать свой вопрос.

Источники:

Трудовой кодекс РФ Более полную информацию по теме вы можете найти в КонсультантПлюс.
Полный и бесплатный доступ к системе на 2 дня. 90000 Working Around the Clock: 24/7 Shift Schedule Template 90001 90002 Having a business that is operating around the clock brings along multiple challenges. From strategic planning to the minutiae, like coming up with an effective 24/7 shift schedule template, numerous industries are struggling to keep up with ongoing business demands. Managers need to keep an eye on employee morale, wellbeing, and productivity under very demanding work circumstances. Moreover, they have to deal with complex calculations and pay issues.Supervisors in some organizations, such as health facilities, also need to keep in mind the specific job conditions and scheduling requirements. 90003 90002 Here at Humanity, we aim to accommodate all scheduling needs, including coordinating shift coverage around the clock. At the bottom of this article, you’ll find instructions on how to create a 24/7 shift schedule template in Humanity. But first, here is a rundown of the most common challenges of running a 24/7 operation-and how to tackle them.90003 90006 Managing employee fatigue 90007 90002 No matter how talented or dedicated your employees are, they can not be expected to perform like computers. This is especially important when running a 24/7 business where every hour needs to be planned out to perfection. 90003 90002 One of the challenges for managers is that they do not have as much personal contact with their team members. Therefore, engaging workers is incredibly difficult. Without constant contact and personal touch, it’s sometimes easy to forget the human factor: the fact that you are managing people, not machines.90003 90002 To ensure you show compassion and understanding even when you’re detached from your team, consider the psychological and physiological hardships of working in 24/7 shifts. Some of your staff members are working all hours of the night and have a schedule that does not reflect the hours of most of their family or friends. Many of them are sleeping while the rest of the world is working and vice versa. These are atypical working conditions, which means that your approach to management needs to be atypical as well.90003 90002 To help to combat some of these issues, get familiar with the so-called fatigue risk management systems. The goal of these systems is to ensure high performance without compromising employees ‘wellbeing. 90003 90002 Implementing fatigue management processes into a 24/7 shift schedule template involves a very hands-on approach. It’s a very data-driven process that needs to entail constant monitoring and engagement. Managers and employees need to work together in order to get to the root of fatigue-related problems and try to find a solution to overcome them.90003 90002 It has been shown that companies that implement these types of systems can greatly improve the productivity of their team. But most importantly, working on fatigue management plans can help your employees sleep better, work better, and feel better about their working environment. 90003 90006 Calculating overtime and holidays 90007 90002 No matter how much time you put into your 24/7 shift schedule template, you still need to manage employees who work through several established pay periods.To avoid excessive labor costs, companies need to fine-tune their overtime policies. 90023 An advanced and versatile employee management software like Humanity can be a significant help in avoiding unnecessary overtime and streamlining costs. Humanity’s payroll exports make it simple to run pay periods for 24/7 operations. Managers are also able to define their policies and automating them so that they do not have to struggle with weekly recalculations. 90003 90002 Holiday pay rules also need to be strictly enforced.How do you manage holidays when there are no days off at your company? It’s difficult to calculate holiday pay when there happens to be a shift that is not fully covered during a holiday but overlaps with holiday boundaries. 90003 90002 Most of the time, businesses are not paying for a full day of holiday work, but overlapping hours that enter holiday work territory. It’s truly a complex process, and the more help you have automating this process and keeping your payroll records clean, the better off you’ll be.90003 90006 Keeping track of time and attendance 90007 90002 It’s critical for companies to have precise data on time and attendance, as lacking accurate reports can bring on compliance risks. For businesses that require full coverage all day every day, these details are particularly important. Investing in a workforce management platform with built-in time and attendance tracking can save you a lot of time and resources in the long-run. However, many platforms available on the market only cater to standardized business hours and scheduling needs.Tracking time and attendance with a separate solution will still have you spending countless hours adjusting timesheets manually. 90003 90002 From easy and accurate clock-ins to one-click payroll exports, the right employee scheduling software can take care of these details for you. With Humanity, not only can you build a 24/7 schedule template, but you can also accurately track employee attendance and eliminate buddy punching with manager approvals and GPS / location-based clock-in. Yes, we thought of everything.90003 90006 Managing business and employee data 90007 90002 There is probably nothing more vital to the success of your 24/7 operation than being able to have real-time data at your fingertips. Having all the data available in one place makes it much easier to analyze costs, notice roadblocks, and optimize processes. With detailed reporting options, managers can create more accurate labor budgets and streamline their operations in line with business demands. 90003 90002 Some workforce management platforms allow you to import data related to sales and services.This enables you to examine your forecasts and notice trends that could help you to improve staffing. Are you noticing that productivity is going down at a certain time during the day, or that you are getting more customer complaints in the morning? Use that type of data to optimize your operation. 90003 90006 How to create a 24/7 shift schedule template in Humanity 90007 90002 Our cloud-based schedule maker and workforce management software make creating recurring schedules quick, easy and manageable.By setting up schedule templates that you can re-use with smaller adjustments, your scheduling process is significantly shortened, saving you time and money. 90003 90006 There’s always room to grow. 90007 90002 Sharpen your HR skills with the latest research and best practices in workforce management. Get Humanity’s Definitive Guide to Enterprise Workforce Scheduling. 90003 Get your free copy 90049 90049 90002 With Humanity, managers of 24/7 businesses can create a 24/7 shift schedule template and have it recur for up to 12 months, while retaining all shift information and employee specifications.Let’s see how it works in the following use case: a template with 8-hour shifts for a four-member team. 90003 90002 To set a schedule that rotates four employees over 8-hour shifts with one employee per shift, you first need to create these shifts. To do so, click on the desired date and type in the 8-hour time period for the shift, such as «8 am-4pm.» 90003 90002 90003 90002 90058 90058 90003 90002 Set this shift to a recurring one so that it repeats daily. 90062 To make a recurring shift, click on a shift to open the «Shift Edit» window.90063 90003 90002 90066 90066 90003 90002 To repeat the shift, choose «Repeat Options,» which will open the «Repeat Shift» window, shown below. 90003 90002 90072 90072 90003 90002 Select «Daily» from the dropdown menu (to make the shift time repeat each day), the end date and whether you would like to repeat the shift with or without the associated employees. Press «Set to Repeat!» and your schedule will refresh, showing the repeated shifts. 90003 90002 If you repeat this process for the other two 8-hour shifts (4 pm-12am and 12 am-8am), you will have a total of 21 shifts per week that ensure 24/7 coverage.This is the fewest number of shifts required for full coverage based on 8-hour shifts. 90003 90002 90080 90080 90003 90002 In order to get the fairest schedule between four employees, the 21 shifts need to be divided in the following manner: six shifts for employee # 1, five shifts for employee # 2, five shifts for employee # 3 and five shifts for employee # 4. This works out to be 48 hours, 40 hours, 40 hours and 40 hours, respectively, for the week. Employee hours will even out over four weeks if a different employee takes six shifts each week as opposed to five shifts.90003 90002 When the shifts are created, managers can either run the scheduling wizard to randomly assign an employee to each shift, or manually assign employees to each shift in the shift window. 90003 90002 Building a 24/7 shift schedule template in Humanity is simple, straightforward, and, most importantly, efficient. It saves precious time on tweaking schedules without compromising their quality. 90003 90002 90003 .90000 Doctors and 24-Hour Shifts? 90001 90002 Have you ever worked 24 hours straight? 90003 90002 Some young, aspiring doctors will soon be doing just that. 90003 90002 First-year medical residents will be allowed to work 24-hour shifts later this year, when a cap previously limiting shifts to 16 hours is lifted. 90003 90002 The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) issued a statement saying the revisions would «return first-year residents to the same schedule as other residents and fellows» and will be implemented during the 2017-2018 academic year.90003 90002 The number of clinical and educational hours for residents will remain the same with a maximum of 80 hours of work per week. 90003 90002 But under the new revisions first-year doctors will now be permitted to work a 24-hour shift, plus an additional four hours to help facilitate transitions between doctors. 90003 90002 90015 Read more: These doctors accept only cash »90016 90003 90018 Why the long hours? 90019 90002 The ACGME argues that raising the cap on hours will ensure a «seamless continuity of care.»90003 90002 However, the move has sparked criticism. 90003 90002 «The ACGME’s adoption of this dangerous proposal displays a reckless disregard for the lives and health of thousands of medical residents and their patients nationwide,» Dr. Michael Carome, director of the Public Citizen’s Health Research Group, said in a statement. 90003 90002 «Fourth-year medical students across the country are now bracing themselves for inhuman shifts that will require them, just after graduating from medical school, to make life-or-death medical decisions and to drive home while sleep deprived for 28 hours or longer.»90003 90002 In 2011, the ACGME capped the number of hours first-year residents could work in one shift at 16 hours. 90003 90002 Now, the ACGME says the hypothesized benefits of limiting first-year hours were not realized and «the disruption of team-based care and supervisory systems, has had a significant negative impact on the professional education of the first-year resident, and effectiveness of care delivery of the team as a whole. » 90003 90002 But Dr. Kelly Thibert, president of the American Medical Student Association, says that shorter shifts do not necessarily equate to diminished continuity of care for patients.90003 90002 «One of the recurring critiques of resident work-hour restrictions is that shorter shift lengths would lead to an increase in number of handoffs and thus would lead to decreased continuity of care. This concern is valid, but the perception that shorter shifts must come at the expense of patient safety due to the increased number of handoffs is just that, a perception, «she told Healthline. 90003 90002 «It is not the number of transitions but rather the quality of transitions that is critical to ensuring patient safety.Even at the end of 28-hour shifts, transitions of care still occur and these come at a time when residents are more likely to leave out information they deem ‘unimportant’ as they have reached and surpassed the point of exhaustion. » 90003 90002 90015 Read more: Temporary doctors on the rise »90016 90003 90018 Doctors facing burnout 90019 90002 Dr. Eve Kellner, president of the Committee of Interns and Residents (CIR), says an 80-hour work week puts enormous pressure on residents. 90003 90002 «Doctors are human and humans require time to attend to the needs of life,» she told Healthline.»When you’re working an 80-hour week, you do not see your children or significant other who, in moments of despair, might be the only thing that has been staving off feeling isolated or developing depression. Not to mention how impossible it is to go to the DMV, mail a package, get laundry done, make healthy food choices, and other simple things that a human intern needs to tend to. » 90003 90002 Kellner says physician burnout has reached epidemic levels. 90003 90002 In a survey of CIR members, 62 percent felt so burned out that it had affected their work and 28 percent had fallen asleep when driving after work.90003 90002 Despite the high risk of burnout, Thibert says young doctors feel obligated to keep up with the demanding schedule. 90003 90002 «You would be hard pressed to find an intern or resident physician who would not work these long hours for fear of retaliation. It is engrained in the profession that this is how medicine operates and should therefore continue to operate, «she told Healthline. 90003 90002 90015 Read more: What should doctors say to teenage girls about pregnancy? »90016 90003 90018 An exception, not the rule 90019 90002 In a statement, Dr.Thomas Nasca, chief executive officer of the ACGME, notes that the subject of work hours is an emotional topic both within the medical community and among the general public. 90003 90002 But he emphasizes that not all residents will regularly be expected to work a 24-hour shift. 90003 90002 «It is important to note that 24 hours is a ceiling, not a floor. Residents in many specialties may never experience a 24-hour clinical work period. Individual specialties have the flexibility to modify these requirements to make them more restrictive as appropriate, and in fact, some already do, «he said.90003 90002 Kellner says although in the past there has been a culture that encouraged doctors to work long hours, this does not necessarily need to be the expectation going forward. 90003 90002 «The pressure to work excessive hours is part of the history and culture of medicine, but it is slowly changing. Residents are called residents because they used to literally live in the hospital. The norms were set by a physician workforce that was largely middle and upper class men, but residency is becoming much more diverse and inclusive.We need to realize that our own health should not suffer while we are caring for patients. » 90003.90000 How to Create a 24 Hour Schedule for Your Restaurant (5 Examples) 90001 90002 | Blog 90003 Products 90004 90005 90003 Restaurant Scheduling 90004 90008 90003 Manager Log Book 90004 90011 90003 Mobile Scheduling Apps 90004 90014 90003 Team Communication 90004 90017 90003 Time Clocking 90004 90020 90003 Workforce Management 90004 90023 90003 Employee Engagement 90004 90026 90003 Integrations 90004 90029 90003 Reports 90004 90032 90003 Support 90004 .90000 12 Hour Shifts | Shift Schedule Design 90001 90002 90003 Advantages and disadvantages of 12-hour shifts 90004 90005 90002 Longer shifts have become increasingly popular with workers in 24/7 operations. However, some managers still have reservations due to concerns about safety and productivity. Let’s explore each group’s perspective. After that, we’ll discuss a couple of scheduling issues related to 12-hour shifts. 90005 90008 90005 90008 90011 90003 Shiftworker Opinions 90004 90011 In surveys of over 20 thousand shift workers, 74% said they would like to work more hours a day in order to get more days off each week.With each of our larger clients, we show the workforce several different schedule options that satisfy the client’s business coverage requirements. By educating employees about the various possibilities, they are able to make more informed choices from the schedule alternatives. The options we show employees typically include one or more 8-hour, combined 8 & 12-hour, and 12-hour schedules. Roughly 90% of the time, the highest-rated schedules consist of 12-hour shifts. 90005 90008 90005 90002 Reasons for the popularity of 12-hour shifts among shift workers: 90005 90020 90021 90003 More days off 90004.In a 24/7 operation with 8-hour shifts, there are 91 scheduled days off per year. With 12-hour shifts, there are twice as many (182 days off per year). These numbers are based on 4-crew schedules with level coverage requirements. Benefits of the extra days off include reduced commuting expenses, less need to take paid time off for doctor appointments, school meetings, or personal activities, and improved morale as a result of better work / life balance. 90011 90025 90021 90003 More weekends off 90004.The maximum possible number of full weekends off with 8-hour shifts is 13 per year. The most common schedules that accomplish this require employees to work 7 days in row. 8-hour schedules that feature 5 or 6 days of work in a row only provide 5-6 weekends off per year. The maximum possible number of full weekends off with 12-hour shifts is 26 per year. Unlike the 8-hour schedules, this can be achieved under a variety of configurations with a maximum of 4 consecutive days of work. 90011 90025 90021 90003 Longer breaks 90004.In contrast with most 8-hour shift schedules that provide a maximum of 4 days off, 12-hour schedules can provide up to 8 consecutive days off. And, by strategically taking 48 hours of vacation, the break can be extended to as much as 2 full weeks. Longer breaks mean more time to recover from the sleep debt incurred while working the longer shifts. 90011 90025 90021 90003 Other benefits 90004 90003. 90004 This includes things like the elimination of double shifts to cover absences and the elimination of afternoon shifts (an unpopular shift for employees with families).90025 90042 90002 While longer shifts are certainly popular nationwide, they are not the unanimous preference of all shift workers. Employees who are older, have childcare concerns, are going to school, have second jobs, or participate in other non-work activities on work days often prefer 8-hour or combined 8 & 12-hour shift schedules. Other disadvantages of 12-hour shifts are: 90005 90020 90021 90003 Long hours. 90004 Not only is 12 hours a long time to work, but if you add in commute time and meal breaks, this can be a very long day.This leaves little time for anything but eating and sleeping. 90011 90025 90021 90003 Irregular pay weeks 90004. Half the work weeks will be 48 hours and half will be 36 hours. Depending on the schedule selected, these may not occur in alternating weeks. For example, with one on-off pattern there are four consecutive 48-hour weeks followed by four consecutive 36-hour weeks. Unless the organization is able to balance the paychecks, employees will find this tough to budget for. 90011 90025 90021 90003 Absence coverage 90004.Instead of holding someone over to cover an absence, the organization now must call someone in from a scheduled day off. If there is a high absence rate, this can defeat the primary advantage of the longer shifts, namely more days off. 90025 90042 90002 90005 90002 90003 Management Opinions 90004 90011 Managers are sometimes reluctant to adopt 12-hour shifts because they believe alertness and productivity decline after 8 hours of work. The more you read on the subject, the more confused you get.Some researchers have concluded that the longer shifts were detrimental to productivity and safety; others say that things got better after workers changed to 12-hour shifts. A good place to review the research is a report by the Police Foundation called 90067 The Shift Length Experiment 90068. Here’s a link to the report: 90003 http://www.policefoundation.org/publication/shift-length-experiment/ 90004 90005 90002 90005 90002 90005 90002 We believe that the differing conclusions stem from comparing dissimilar situations.Researchers may have compared one group on an 8-hour 90003 fixed 90004 shift schedule with another group on a 12-hour 90003 rotating 90004 shift schedule. They did not factor in different schedule variables, such as the on-off work pattern, the amount of overtime, shift start times, and so on. They also did not consider worker characteristics or the work environment. Problems they attribute to working longer shifts most likely are the result of these other factors in combination with the shift length.90005 90002 90005 90002 Based our experience with organizations that have adopted longer shifts, we have not found problems as long as the schedule is well designed, with sufficient time off and reasonable limits on the number of consecutive days worked. Our surveys show that over a period of time, shift workers on 12-hour shifts actually get more sleep than those on 8-hour shifts. They may get less sleep on the days they work the 12-hour shifts, but they get twice as many days off. Since everyone sleeps longer on their days off, the average sleep with 12s is greater than the average sleep with 8s.90005 90002 90005 90002 90003 Average Hours of Sleep Over a Four-Week Period: 8-Hour vs. 12-Hour Shifts 90004 90005 90002 As a result, 12-hour shifts actually have several benefits for management: 90005 90020 90021 90003 Better productivity 90004. In addition to less sleep debt, workers only have two shift turnovers a day instead of three. Since shift transitions are a common source of slow-downs and errors, productivity tends to be improved with fewer of them. Accountability also seems to rise with 12s.Problems are fixed right away rather than passing them on to the next shift. And projects are more likely to be finished by the same crew that started them. 90011 90025 90021 90003 Reduced absenteeism 90004. One reason is that workers have more time off during the week to attend to personal obligations. Another reason is that they do not want to take a full 12 hours off for a one-hour appointment. Finally, they tend to be more accountable because they know someone has to be called in from a day off to fill the vacancy.90011 90025 90021 90003 Lower turnover 90004. Since employees like the longer shifts, they are less likely to seek other jobs or occupations. 90011 90025 90021 90003 Employee attention 90004. On the days they work 12-hour shifts, employees tend to avoid social events, excessive alcohol consumption, or physically exhausting activities. This means they are more attentive and dedicated to the work. 90025 90042 90002 There are some jobs that are not suited to longer shifts (such as tedious detail inspections).Jobs with exposure to extreme heat, loud noises, toxins or heavy physical labor may simply be too much to endure for more than 8-hours. Other disadvantages for management include: 90005 90020 90021 90003 Long hours. 90004 Even though employees get more sleep over time, their alertness and attention span may not last a full 12 hours. Sitting at a terminal or work station for 12 hours straight can increase the likelihood of ergonomic problems. Jobs may have to be redesigned to compensate for this.90011 90025 90021 90003 Absence management 90004. It becomes harder to cover absences since you can not rely on holding someone over. Larger companies can purchase software that makes it easier to select and contact overtime candidates. Smaller companies that can not afford the software may find that supervisors are spending a large percentage of their time trying to fill the vacancies. 90011 90025 90021 90003 Second jobs 90004. Employees may find it easier to take on a second job. Instead of spending their time off recuperating, they will be working elsewhere.This could affect their alertness and dedication. 90011 90025 90021 90003 Long breaks 90004. Employees may love them, but things can change at work while they are gone. Employees will take longer to get back up to speed and to learn new procedures and directions. Managers can alleviate this by avoiding 12-hour work patterns that have long breaks. 90011 90025 90021 90003 Communication 90004. Since employees work only half as many days, there are fewer opportunities for personal interaction with management and the support staff.Holding information meetings often require employees to stay longer than 12 hours which means lack of attention and increased risk of accidents during the commute afterward. 90011 90025 90021 90003 Training 90004. Unless time for training is built into the schedule, formal training must be done on the employees ‘days off. If training is voluntary, attendance may decline as a result. 90025 90042 90002 90005 90008 90003 Scheduling Considerations 90004 90011 Once you’ve decided that 12-hour shifts would be a good choice, it’s tempting to search the Internet for «free 12 hour shift schedule examples.»Eventually you’ll find samples of popular patterns such as the 2-3-2 (aka Pitman or Panama), super long break (aka DuPont), 3-on-3-off, 4-on-4-off, etc . Before you do that, please keep the following points in mind: 90005 90020 90021 90002 90003 Staff size 90004. Most 12-hour schedules use 4 crews. If your staff size is not a multiple of four (4, 8, 12, 16, etc.), these schedules would not be a good choice, since they would not make efficient use of your staff and would produce inconsistent coverage.You need a 12-hour pattern that is custom-designed to match the actual number of people working the schedule. 90011 90005 90025 90021 90002 90003 Coverage 90004. Most 12-hour shift schedules produce steady coverage — the same on both shifts, every day of the week. 12-hour fixed shift schedules can have different coverage on each shift by changing the crew sizes, but the coverage will remain the same all week. If your workload and coverage requirements are not constant, popular schedule patterns will not make effective use of your staff.If you need extra coverage for 8 or 16 hours a day, you may need to combine 12-hour shifts with one or two 8-hour overlay shifts. If you need less coverage on Saturday and Sunday, you need a custom-designed pattern. 90011 90005 90025 90021 90002 90003 Overtime / pay week 90004. Most schedules work best for a specific week (e.g., Sun-Sat). If your overtime / pay week is different from the ideal for a specific pattern, this could result in unnecessary overtime and loss of maximum weekends off.Some patterns can be modified to work with different pay weeks; some can not. Free schedule templates never mention this. They imply that the starting day is unimportant. Actually the pay week is just as important as the staff size and coverage requirements. 90005 90025 90042 90008 We can help you find the best 12-hour shift schedule for your resources and requirements: 90005 90020 90021 90025 90021 90003 Examples 90004. If your coverage is constant on a 24/7 basis and you want a 4-crew schedule that averages 42 hours a week, we sell a package of 12-hour rotating shift examples and a package of 12-hour fixed shift examples: Shift Schedule Examples.This is the best way to see the full range of possibilities. Do not limit your search to a single schedule template you found somewhere on the Internet. We offer 10 different options with fixed shifts and 10 different options with rotating shifts. 90011 90025 90021 90003 C 90004 90003 ustom design 90004. If your group covers less than 24/7, your staff is not a multiple of 4, the coverage is not constant, you want a schedule that is matched to your pay week, or you want a schedule that averages 40 hours a week, you will need a custom-designed 12-hour schedule: Custom Schedule Design.90025 90042 90002 90005.